TASK 1B

Zoetrope

A Zoetrope is an instrument that gives the illusion of movement from a fast succession of static photos. The Zoetrope resides of a cylinder object with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inside surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. as the cylinder spins there user looked through the slits at the picture across.The modern Zoetrope was invented in 1833, by British mathematician William George Horner.

This clip is "The infinite Zoetrope: Understanding the Science of Zoetrope" which shows how you can make a Zoetrope, how it works and understanding the Zoetrope.

                  







This clip is an example of various cartoon network animations that use Zoetrope to make their cartoons for example we see Tom and Jerry chasing each other when the wheel is spinned to the right then we see the opposite of what would happen if it was spanned to the left. The animations shown look just like the on on TV.

                                                                           

Kinetiscope

 

The Kinetiscope is an early motion picture exhibition device it was designed for films to be viewed by one person at a time through a peephole that is placed at the top of the device. The device was not a movie projectoe but introduced the basic approch that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video by creating the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high - speed shutter. first described in conceptual terms by u.s inventor thomas edison in 1889 and 1892it was largely developed by his employee  william kennedy laurie dickson between 1889 and 1892. dickson and hi steam at the edison lab also devised the kinetograph and innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermitten or stop and go film movement , to photograph movies for in house experiments and eventuallu commercial kinetiscope presentations

This clip  " Edison's Kinetoscope, museu del cinema"  which is animated shows us how the kinetoscope works and how it was used                                             

Flip Books

This clip shows you how to make a Flip book Animation, step by step.






Flip books have been around since the late 1800s and are now recognised as one of the earliest forms of what is today referred to as interactive media. Still a popular form of expression among many artists, beautiful and inspiring flip books are being created on a daily basis. 


Cel Animation

 

A cel also known as Celluloid is a seethrough sheet that can be drawn on or pained on for more of traditional animation, they are both hand drawn animations. Celluloid subsist of cellulose nitrate and camphore this was used during the beinging and middle of the 20th century. however it was flammable and unstable it was thwn replaced by cellulose acete. However that was also stopped being used and when computer animation production system (CAPS) replaced his element in their animation process used by Disney studios.  Cel animation is generally done by drawing on cels (see through sheets) and laid over a static background drawing. Doing this reduces the number of times the drawing has to be redrawn and enables the sudio to save time and reduces the cost of the animatrionand split up the work for different specialists teams. The invention of the technique is generally atributed to Earl Hurd.

This clip shows how cel animation is done and how the tools are used.









Rotoscoping

Rotoscoping is another type of techinque used to make animations which animators trace over footage that they have taken image by image. the animators usualy get footage of live action actors and/or objects and backgrounds there were projected onto a frosted glass panel and re-drawn by the animator.

The clip gives a demonstation of how rotoscoping is done and how it will look when it is finish and in the process. 

Drawn on film

Producing a drawn on animation is quite simpple however there are two ways in which you can do this. One way in which you can do this is by starting of with a blank film stock the other one with a black  that is already developed on film.
on the blanck one the arist or drawer can do whatever they like paint scetch stamp or even glue/tape objects. The black film or any film that you may have can be scratched etched, sanded or punched. Any and every tool that the arist can find is usleful it gives a more unique and creative fram. Another method can be taken place in a darkroom, using unexposed film that is exposes picture by picture. The artists places objects onto the fresh dtock then uses a tiny light beam to create the pictures. This thhird way has to be sent to a lab then processed, just like films created with cameras.     
 

This clip shows how animators do drawn on film animation step by step and gives examples by drawing the cat.

Digital applications 

computer animation also known as CGI animation is the process used for developing animated pictures by using computer graphics. The more modern term is computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images while computer animation only refers to moving images. Computer- generated animation are more controllable that other more physically based processed  for example constructing miniature objects for effects shots or hiring extras for budy croud shots and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feastible using any other technology. It can also allow a single graphic  to produce such conent without the use of actors or props. to creat the illusion of movement an image is to exhibit on the computer screen and frequently replaced by new pictures that is similar to the last,, however it has advanced with time now it is usually an ammount of 24 or 30 images per second.

This clip gives a demonstration of how Digital aplication works and how the cartoon animation frozen was made.

Claymation 

Clay animation also known as  Claymation is another type of stop motion animation. each part of he animation is deformable either the character or the background, the reason being that it is all made up of flexible material which  is usually plasticine clay. Types of animation has evolved over the years  traditional animation, from cel animation to stop motion. however they are all made in similar ways, such as being produced by recording each frame or still picture on digital media (camera) then paying the recorded frames back in a fast motion for the viewer. Claymation and other fast moving pictures from zoetrope to films and video games they all  create the illusion of movement by playing back ten or more shots per second. The techniques for claymation involve in creating CGI are conversely generally removed from a frame by frame process. The objects used as said before are made out of flexible material such as clay or plasticine they are usually around or over a wire skeleton called an armature and then are placed on the animation set where the objects are photographed and being moved slightly by another person for the next shot. Once the amount of shots needed are gathered the pictures are played back in a fast motion causing the viewer to see images as motion.

This clip shows how Claymation animations are made. We see the womans in the clip moving and taking pictures after they have moved the object.